The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscle (gastrocnemius) and the soleus muscles of the lower leg to the heel. While tendons are strong, they are not particularly flexible, and thus can only be stretched so far before becoming inflamed, or even tearing/rupturing. An Achilles tendon rupture occurs when the force on the tendon is greater [...]

The term concussion refers to a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) resulting in a temporary loss of awareness or conciousness. Concussions can result from falls in which the head strikes against an object, or when a moving object strikes the head. The length of unconciousness may relate to the severity of the concussion, and affected [...]

Not to be confused with a shoulder separation, a dislocated shoulder refers to removal of the ball of the humerus (upper arm bone) from the shoulder socket. Partial dislocation refers to the case in which the upper arm bone is partially in/out of the socket. Dislocation of the shoulder can potentially result in the tearing [...]

Not to be confused with a shoulder dislocation, the term shoulder separation refers to the stretching/tearing of ligaments where the clavicle (i.e., collarbone) meets the scapula (i.e., shoulder blade), which is referred to as the acromioclavicular joint (AC). Such an injury is usually caused by falling forward onto an outstretched hand, or by an impact [...]

Sever’s disease, also know as calcaneal apophysitis, is a common source of heel pain in young, growing athletes. The most common symptoms are pain or tenderness in one or both heels, discomfort when the heel is squeezed, and more severe pain when walking, running, jumping, or playing sports. The pain associated with Sever’s disease is [...]